free-form windows

вчт свободно располагающиеся окна ( с возможностью перекрытия)

1) окно; отверстие; диафрагма || делать окно или отверстие; снабжать диафрагмой

2) волноводное окно

3) окно прозрачности

4) дипольные противорадиолокационные отражатели

5) оконная функция, финитная взвешивающая функция, проф. окно

6) вчт окно (обрамлённая прямоугольная зона на экране дисплея с изменяемыми размерами и положением, предназначенная для работы с приложениями и документами или для реализации диалогового режима)

7) допуск; допуски; допустимый интервал изменения (напр. параметров)

•

- window of display

1) sauber; frisch [Wäsche, Hemd]

2) (unused, fresh) sauber; (free of defects) einwandfrei; sauber

3) (regular, complete) glatt [Bruch]; glatt, sauber [Schnitt]

4) (coll.): (not obscene or indecent) sauber; stubenrein (scherzh.) [Witz]

5) (sportsmanlike, fair) sauber

- academic.ru/13335/clean_out">clean out

- clean up

* * *

1) (free from dirt, smoke etc: a clean window; a clean dress.) sauber

2) (neat and tidy in one's habits: Cats are very clean animals.) reinlich

3) (unused: a clean sheet of paper.) frisch

4) (free from evil or indecency: a clean life; keep your language clean!) anständig

5) (neat and even: a clean cut.) glatt

- cleaner

- cleanly

- cleanliness

* * *

I. adj

1. (not dirty) sauber

\clean air/hands saubere Luft/Hände

\clean sheet frisches Laken

\clean shirt sauberes Hemd

spotlessly [or scrupulously] \clean peinlichst sauber

[as] \clean as a whistle [or BRIT as a new pin] blitzblank fam

2. (free from bacteria) sauber, rein

\clean air saubere Luft

\clean water sauberes Wasser

3. attr (blank) sheet of paper leer

4. (fair) methods, fight sauber, fair

5. (sl: free from crime, offence) sauber sl

to keep one's hands \clean sich dat die Hände nicht schmutzig machen

to have \clean hands [or a \clean slate] eine weiße Weste haben fam

\clean driving licence Führerschein m ohne Strafpunkte

to have a \clean record nicht vorbestraft sein

6. ( fam: no drugs)

▪ to be \clean clean sein; alcoholic trocken sein

7. (morally acceptable) sauber, anständig

it's all good, \clean fun das ist alles völlig harmlos!

\clean joke anständiger Witz

\clean living makellose Lebensweise

8. (smooth)

\clean design klares Design

\clean lines klare Linien

9. (straight) sauber

\clean break MED glatter Bruch

\clean hit SPORT sauberer Treffer

10. (complete, entire) gründlich

to make a \clean break from sth unter etw dat einen Schlussstrich ziehen

to make a \clean job of sth saubere Arbeit leisten

to make a \clean start noch einmal [ganz] von vorne anfangen

to make a \clean sweep of sth etw total verändern; (win everything) bei etw dat [alles] abräumen fam

11. (toilet-trained)

▪ to be \clean nicht mehr in die Windeln machen; animal stubenrein sein

12. MED

to give sb a \clean bill of health jdn für gesund erklären

to give sth a \clean bill of health ( fig) etw für gesundheitlich unbedenklich erklären

13. REL rein

14. wood astrein

▶ to come \clean reinen Tisch machen

▶ to keep one's nose \clean sauber bleiben hum fam

▶ to make a \clean breast of sth etw gestehen, sich dat etw von der Seele reden

▶ to show a \clean pair of heels ( fam) Fersengeld geben hum fam

▶ to wipe the slate \clean reinen Tisch machen fam

II. adv

1. inv (completely) total, völlig

I \clean forgot your birthday ich habe deinen Geburtstag total vergessen

I \clean forgot that... ich habe schlichtweg vergessen, dass...

he's been doing this for years and getting \clean away with it er macht das seit Jahren und kommt glatt damit durch! fam

Sue got \clean away Sue ist spurlos verschwunden

the cat got \clean away die Katze ist uns/ihnen/etc. glatt entwischt

\clean bowled BRIT SPORT sauber geschlagen

2. (not dirty) sauber

▶ a new broom sweeps \clean neue Besen kehren gut prov

III. vt

1. (remove dirt)

▪ to \clean sth etw sauber machen; furniture etw reinigen; (dry-clean) etw reinigen

to \clean the car das Auto waschen

to \clean a carpet einen Teppich reinigen

to \clean one's face/hands sich dat das Gesicht/die Hände waschen

to \clean the floor den Boden wischen [o SCHWEIZ a. aufnehmen]

to \clean house AM die Hausarbeit machen

to \clean the house putzen

to \clean one's nails sich dat die Nägel sauber machen

to \clean one's shoes/the windows seine Schuhe/Fenster putzen

to \clean one's teeth sich dat die Zähne putzen

to \clean a wound eine Wunde reinigen

▪ to \clean sth from [or off] sth, to \clean off sth from sth etw von etw dat abwischen

2. FOOD

to \clean a chicken/fish ein Huhn/einen Fisch ausnehmen

to \clean vegetables Gemüse putzen

3. (eat all)

to \clean one's plate seinen Teller leer essen

▶ to \clean sb's clock AM (sl) jdn verdreschen fam

IV. vi pans, pots sich reinigen lassen

to \clean easily sich leicht reinigen lassen

V. n

to give sth a [good] \clean etw [gründlich] sauber machen; shoes, window, teeth, room etw [gründlich] putzen; hands, face etw [gründlich] waschen; furniture, carpet etw [gründlich] reinigen

to give the floor a good \clean den Boden gründlich wischen

* * *

1. adj (+er)

1) (= not dirty also bomb) sauber

2) (= new, not used) sheets, paper sauber, neu; (TYP) proof sauber

3) (= not obscene) joke stubenrein; film anständig

4) (= well-shaped) lines klar

5) (= regular, even) cut sauber, glatt

6) (SPORT) fight, match sauber, fair; boxer fair

7) (= acceptable to religion) rein

8)

2. adv

3. vt

4. vi

5. n

* * *

clean [kliːn]

A adj (adv → cleanly B)

1. rein, sauber:

a clean room ein sauberer (sterilisierter) Raum; → breast A 2, hand Bes Redew, heel¹ Bes Redew

2. sauber, frisch (gewaschen)

3. reinlich, stubenrein (Hund etc)

4. unvermischt, rein (Gold etc)

5. einwandfrei (Essen etc)

6. rein, makellos (Edelstein etc; auch fig):

clean record tadellose Vergangenheit

7. (moralisch) rein, lauter, schuldlos:

a clean conscience ein reines Gewissen

8. anständig (Geschichte etc):

keep it clean keine Schweinereien!;

clean living bleib sauber!;

Mr Clean Herr Saubermann; → liver²

9. unbeschrieben, leer (Blatt etc)

10. sauber, ohne Korrekturen (Schrift): → copy A 1

11. anständig, fair (Kämpfer etc)

12. klar, sauber (Fingerabdrücke etc)

13. glatt, sauber, tadellos (ausgeführt), fehlerfrei:

a clean leap ein glatter Sprung (über ein Hindernis)

14. glatt, eben:

clean cut glatter Schnitt;

clean fracture MED glatter Bruch;

clean wood astfreies Holz

15. restlos, gründlich:

a clean miss ein glatter Fehlschuss;

make a clean break with the past völlig mit der Vergangenheit brechen

16. SCHIFF

a) mit gereinigtem Kiel und Rumpf

b) leer, ohne Ladung

c) scharf, spitz zulaufend, mit gefälligen Linien

17. klar, ebenmäßig, wohlproportioniert:

clean features klare Gesichtszüge

18. sl clean, sauber (nicht mehr drogenabhängig)

19. sl sauber (unbewaffnet)

B adv

1. rein(lich), sauber, sorgfältig:

a) rein ausfegen,

b) fig vollständig mit etwas aufräumen;

come clean umg (alles) gestehen;

come clean umg heraus mit der Sprache!; → broom A 1

2. anständig, fair:

3. rein, glatt, völlig, ganz und gar, total:

go clean off one’s head umg völlig den Verstand verlieren;

clean forget about sth umg etwas total vergessen;

the bullet went clean through the door die Kugel durchschlug glatt die Tür;

clean gone umg

a) spurlos verschwunden,

b) total übergeschnappt; → mind A 6

C s Reinigung f:

give sth a clean → E;

it needs a clean es muss (einmal) gereinigt werden

D v/i sich reinigen lassen

E v/t

1. reinigen, säubern, Fenster, Schuhe, Silber, Zähne etc putzen:

clean house US fig umg gründlich aufräumen, eine Säuberungsaktion durchführen

2. waschen

3. frei machen von, leer fegen

4. ein Schlachttier ausnehmen

5. → clean out

6. → clean up A

* * *

1) sauber; frisch [Wäsche, Hemd]

2) (unused, fresh) sauber; (free of defects) einwandfrei; sauber

3) (regular, complete) glatt [Bruch]; glatt, sauber [Schnitt]

4) (coll.): (not obscene or indecent) sauber; stubenrein (scherzh.) [Witz]

5) (sportsmanlike, fair) sauber

- clean out

- clean up

* * *

rein adj.

sauber adj. v.

abputzen v.

putzen (Gemüse) v.

putzen v.

reinemachen v.

reinigen v.

saubermachen v.

säubern v.

1) Военный термин: Follow-on Operational Test, follow-on operational tests, follow-on tests

2) Техника: free on truck price, frequency for optimum traffic, frequency of optimum transmission, field operational test

3) Страхование: free of tax

4) Автомобильный термин: fibre optical transceiver

5) Грубое выражение: Fuck Off Ted

6) Телекоммуникации: Fiber Optic Terminal

7) Сокращение: Forward Ordnance Team, Free On Truck, Frequency Optimum Traffic, frequency of optimum operation, fuel-oil transfer, Fiber Optic Transceiver (Ethernet)

8) Университет: Foundations Of Technology

9) Вычислительная техника: Fiber Optic Transceiver (Ethernet)

10) Нефть: final open time, flowing on test, фонтанирующая во время испытаний (скважина; flowing on test)

11) Транспорт: франт-платформа (free on truck)

12) Деловая лексика: франко-грузовик, франко-платформа (free on truck)

13) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: form of tender

14) Расширение файла: Truetype font styles file (installed font), Windows TrueType font description

15) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: конечная температура в печи (furnace outlet temperature)

16) Общественная организация: Food for Other Tennesseans

17) Чат: Fell Off A Truck

18) Аэропорты: Forster, New South Wales, Australia

19) НАСА: Flight Operations Team

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

[br]

[br]

Gresley was the son of the Rector of Netherseale, Derbyshire; he was educated at Marlborough and by the age of 13 was skilled at making sketches of locomotives. In 1893 he became a pupil of F.W. Webb at Crewe works, London \& North Western Railway, and in 1898 he moved to Horwich works, Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway, to gain drawing-office experience under J.A.F.Aspinall, subsequently becoming Foreman of the locomotive running sheds at Blackpool. In 1900 he transferred to the carriage and wagon department, and in 1904 he had risen to become its Assistant Superintendent. In 1905 he moved to the Great Northern Railway, becoming Superintendent of its carriage and wagon department at Doncaster under H.A. Ivatt. In 1906 he designed and produced a bogie luggage van with steel underframe, teak body, elliptical roof, bowed ends and buckeye couplings: this became the prototype for East Coast main-line coaches built over the next thirty-five years. In 1911 Gresley succeeded Ivatt as Locomotive, Carriage \& Wagon Superintendent. His first locomotive was a mixed-traffic 2–6–0, his next a 2–8–0 for freight. From 1915 he worked on the design of a 4–6–2 locomotive for express passenger traffic: as with Ivatt's 4 4 2s, the trailing axle would allow the wide firebox needed for Yorkshire coal. He also devised a means by which two sets of valve gear could operate the valves on a three-cylinder locomotive and applied it for the first time on a 2–8–0 built in 1918. The system was complex, but a later simplified form was used on all subsequent Gresley three-cylinder locomotives, including his first 4–6–2 which appeared in 1922. In 1921, Gresley introduced the first British restaurant car with electric cooking facilities.

With the grouping of 1923, the Great Northern Railway was absorbed into the London \& North Eastern Railway and Gresley was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer. More 4–6– 2s were built, the first British class of such wheel arrangement. Modifications to their valve gear, along lines developed by G.J. Churchward, reduced their coal consumption sufficiently to enable them to run non-stop between London and Edinburgh. So that enginemen might change over en route, some of the locomotives were equipped with corridor tenders from 1928. The design was steadily improved in detail, and by comparison an experimental 4–6–4 with a watertube boiler that Gresley produced in 1929 showed no overall benefit. A successful high-powered 2–8–2 was built in 1934, following the introduction of third-class sleeping cars, to haul 500-ton passenger trains between Edinburgh and Aberdeen.

In 1932 the need to meet increasing road competition had resulted in the end of a long-standing agreement between East Coast and West Coast railways, that train journeys between London and Edinburgh by either route should be scheduled to take 8 1/4 hours. Seeking to accelerate train services, Gresley studied high-speed, diesel-electric railcars in Germany and petrol-electric railcars in France. He considered them for the London \& North Eastern Railway, but a test run by a train hauled by one of his 4–6–2s in 1934, which reached 108 mph (174 km/h), suggested that a steam train could better the railcar proposals while its accommodation would be more comfortable. To celebrate the Silver Jubilee of King George V, a high-speed, streamlined train between London and Newcastle upon Tyne was proposed, the first such train in Britain. An improved 4–6–2, the A4 class, was designed with modifications to ensure free running and an ample reserve of power up hill. Its streamlined outline included a wedge-shaped front which reduced wind resistance and helped to lift the exhaust dear of the cab windows at speed. The first locomotive of the class, named Silver Link, ran at an average speed of 100 mph (161 km/h) for 43 miles (69 km), with a maximum speed of 112 1/2 mph (181 km/h), on a seven-coach test train on 27 September 1935: the locomotive went into service hauling the Silver Jubilee express single-handed (since others of the class had still to be completed) for the first three weeks, a round trip of 536 miles (863 km) daily, much of it at 90 mph (145 km/h), without any mechanical troubles at all. Coaches for the Silver Jubilee had teak-framed, steel-panelled bodies on all-steel, welded underframes; windows were double glazed; and there was a pressure ventilation/heating system. Comparable trains were introduced between London Kings Cross and Edinburgh in 1937 and to Leeds in 1938.

Gresley did not hesitate to incorporate outstanding features from elsewhere into his locomotive designs and was well aware of the work of André Chapelon in France. Four A4s built in 1938 were equipped with Kylchap twin blast-pipes and double chimneys to improve performance still further. The first of these to be completed, no. 4468, Mallard, on 3 July 1938 ran a test train at over 120 mph (193 km/h) for 2 miles (3.2 km) and momentarily achieved 126 mph (203 km/h), the world speed record for steam traction. J.Duddington was the driver and T.Bray the fireman. The use of high-speed trains came to an end with the Second World War. The A4s were then demonstrated to be powerful as well as fast: one was noted hauling a 730-ton, 22-coach train at an average speed exceeding 75 mph (120 km/h) over 30 miles (48 km). The war also halted electrification of the Manchester-Sheffield line, on the 1,500 volt DC overhead system; however, anticipating eventual resumption, Gresley had a prototype main-line Bo-Bo electric locomotive built in 1941. Sadly, Gresley died from a heart attack while still in office.

[br]

See also: Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan Snell

1) Компьютерная техника: Folding Integrated Technology, For Information Translation, Forum For Information Technology

2) Медицина: Исследование терапии переломов, исследование FIT, Fracture Intervention Trial

3) Американизм: Foreign Independent Travel

4) Спорт: Fitness Introductory Training, Focusing In Technique, Международная федерация прыжков на батуте

5) Военный термин: Field Interactive Training, First In Training, Flight In Training, Future Infantry Technologies, far-infrared tracking, field installation test, field integrated tests, forward inspection team

6) Техника: fabrication, integration and test, failure in 109 component hours, far-infrared track, fault isolation testing, fixed interval timer, flexible-infrared transmissive waveguide, flight instrument trainer, flow indicator transmitter, functional integration test

7) Юридический термин: Females In Trouble

8) Лингвистика: (Federation internationale des traducteurs) Международная федерация переводчиков

9) Оптика: flexible infrared transmission

10) Сокращение: Federal Income Tax, Federal Information Technologies, inc., fault isolation test, raintight, real time

11) Университет: Faculty Of Information Technology

12) Электроника: Failure unit

13) Вычислительная техника: Failures In Time

14) Нефть: formation integrity test, formation interval flow test, formation interval tester, единица интенсивности отказов (один отказ на 1 млрд. ч наработки, failure unit), испытания с целью обнаружения неисправностей, прибор для поинтервального опробования пластов

15) Транспорт: Fit and Independent Traveler

16) Фирменный знак: Flinders Innovative Technology, Focused Individual Training

17) Энергетика: вводный тариф, специальный закупочный тариф, специальный тариф для стимулирования возобновляемой энергетики, feed-in tariff

18) СМИ: Film Industry Training, Food Internet and Television

19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: First Intervention team

20) Образование: Flexibility Inclusiveness And Teambuilding, Flexible Innovative And Trainable

21) Сетевые технологии: Flexible Image Transport, Form Interactive Technology

22) ЕБРР: Financial Institutions Team

23) Туризм: самостоятельный, свободный путешественник, независимый путешественник или турист (free independent traveler http://i-traveler.ru/independent_tourism.php)

24) Сахалин Ю: fabrication-in-transit

25) Химическое оружие: field investigation team

26) Расширение файла: File Information Table, Flexible Image Transport System Graphics and data, Graphic format (FITS), File Index Table (Windows NT)

27) Должность: Fireman In Training

28) Чат: Fashion Institute Of Technology

29) Программное обеспечение: Framework For Integrated Tests

30) AMEX. Fab Industries, Inc.

1) Компьютерная техника: free-space loss

2) Авиация: Fuel System Limitations

3) Спорт: Florida State League

4) Военный термин: federal stock listings, field storage location

5) Техника: formal semantic language, frequency-selective limiter

6) Шутливое выражение: Fix Silvia Later

7) Грубое выражение: Fight Stupid Laws

8) Гидрография: объём водохранилища при полном обеспечении водопотребителей (Full Supply Level capacity)

9) Сокращение: Fleet Support Ltd (UK)

10) Нефть: from the south line

11) Пищевая промышленность: forward shear lock = прямоточный затвор (в экструдере)

12) Бурение: от южной линии (from south line)

13) Океанография: Forecast Systems Laboratory

14) Расширение файла: Form (Paradox for Windows)

15) Аэропорты: Fossil Downs, Western Australia, Australia

1) Компьютерная техника: Folding Integrated Technology, For Information Translation, Forum For Information Technology

2) Медицина: Исследование терапии переломов, исследование FIT, Fracture Intervention Trial

3) Американизм: Foreign Independent Travel

4) Спорт: Fitness Introductory Training, Focusing In Technique, Международная федерация прыжков на батуте

5) Военный термин: Field Interactive Training, First In Training, Flight In Training, Future Infantry Technologies, far-infrared tracking, field installation test, field integrated tests, forward inspection team

6) Техника: fabrication, integration and test, failure in 109 component hours, far-infrared track, fault isolation testing, fixed interval timer, flexible-infrared transmissive waveguide, flight instrument trainer, flow indicator transmitter, functional integration test

7) Юридический термин: Females In Trouble

8) Лингвистика: (Federation internationale des traducteurs) Международная федерация переводчиков

9) Оптика: flexible infrared transmission

10) Сокращение: Federal Income Tax, Federal Information Technologies, inc., fault isolation test, raintight, real time

11) Университет: Faculty Of Information Technology

12) Электроника: Failure unit

13) Вычислительная техника: Failures In Time

14) Нефть: formation integrity test, formation interval flow test, formation interval tester, единица интенсивности отказов (один отказ на 1 млрд. ч наработки, failure unit), испытания с целью обнаружения неисправностей, прибор для поинтервального опробования пластов

15) Транспорт: Fit and Independent Traveler

16) Фирменный знак: Flinders Innovative Technology, Focused Individual Training

17) Энергетика: вводный тариф, специальный закупочный тариф, специальный тариф для стимулирования возобновляемой энергетики, feed-in tariff

18) СМИ: Film Industry Training, Food Internet and Television

19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: First Intervention team

20) Образование: Flexibility Inclusiveness And Teambuilding, Flexible Innovative And Trainable

21) Сетевые технологии: Flexible Image Transport, Form Interactive Technology

22) ЕБРР: Financial Institutions Team

23) Туризм: самостоятельный, свободный путешественник, независимый путешественник или турист (free independent traveler http://i-traveler.ru/independent_tourism.php)

24) Сахалин Ю: fabrication-in-transit

25) Химическое оружие: field investigation team

26) Расширение файла: File Information Table, Flexible Image Transport System Graphics and data, Graphic format (FITS), File Index Table (Windows NT)

27) Должность: Fireman In Training

28) Чат: Fashion Institute Of Technology

29) Программное обеспечение: Framework For Integrated Tests

30) AMEX. Fab Industries, Inc.

1) Компьютерная техника: Folding Integrated Technology, For Information Translation, Forum For Information Technology

2) Медицина: Исследование терапии переломов, исследование FIT, Fracture Intervention Trial

3) Американизм: Foreign Independent Travel

4) Спорт: Fitness Introductory Training, Focusing In Technique, Международная федерация прыжков на батуте

5) Военный термин: Field Interactive Training, First In Training, Flight In Training, Future Infantry Technologies, far-infrared tracking, field installation test, field integrated tests, forward inspection team

6) Техника: fabrication, integration and test, failure in 109 component hours, far-infrared track, fault isolation testing, fixed interval timer, flexible-infrared transmissive waveguide, flight instrument trainer, flow indicator transmitter, functional integration test

7) Юридический термин: Females In Trouble

8) Лингвистика: (Federation internationale des traducteurs) Международная федерация переводчиков

9) Оптика: flexible infrared transmission

10) Сокращение: Federal Income Tax, Federal Information Technologies, inc., fault isolation test, raintight, real time

11) Университет: Faculty Of Information Technology

12) Электроника: Failure unit

13) Вычислительная техника: Failures In Time

14) Нефть: formation integrity test, formation interval flow test, formation interval tester, единица интенсивности отказов (один отказ на 1 млрд. ч наработки, failure unit), испытания с целью обнаружения неисправностей, прибор для поинтервального опробования пластов

15) Транспорт: Fit and Independent Traveler

16) Фирменный знак: Flinders Innovative Technology, Focused Individual Training

17) Энергетика: вводный тариф, специальный закупочный тариф, специальный тариф для стимулирования возобновляемой энергетики, feed-in tariff

18) СМИ: Film Industry Training, Food Internet and Television

19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: First Intervention team

20) Образование: Flexibility Inclusiveness And Teambuilding, Flexible Innovative And Trainable

21) Сетевые технологии: Flexible Image Transport, Form Interactive Technology

22) ЕБРР: Financial Institutions Team

23) Туризм: самостоятельный, свободный путешественник, независимый путешественник или турист (free independent traveler http://i-traveler.ru/independent_tourism.php)

24) Сахалин Ю: fabrication-in-transit

25) Химическое оружие: field investigation team

26) Расширение файла: File Information Table, Flexible Image Transport System Graphics and data, Graphic format (FITS), File Index Table (Windows NT)

27) Должность: Fireman In Training

28) Чат: Fashion Institute Of Technology

29) Программное обеспечение: Framework For Integrated Tests

30) AMEX. Fab Industries, Inc.